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What You Will Learn

Important Clarification: A Trust Is a Vehicle, Not a Deal Type

A trust is not a financing method. It is a legal vehicle that holds property. The deal type (Subject-To, Seller Finance, Hybrid) describes how payments flow. The trust describes how ownership is structured.

Think of it like a car vs. a garage. The car (deal type) is how you get from A to B. The garage (trust) is where you park it.

Why Use a Trust?

Using a trust can make a deal less visible to a lender, but the trust is not what makes it a deal. We use trusts because they are common in estate planning and create fewer objections. Specifically, we prefer a Revocable Living Trust. Most banks and professionals are very used to seeing revocable living trusts, which makes the whole process feel much more normal and simpler to explain.

The Revocable Living Trust

Understanding the Trust Structure

A revocable living trust is commonly used in estate planning. The person who creates it (the grantor) can change or cancel it during their lifetime. This is the type of trust millions of families use to avoid probate and manage assets.

Key characteristics:

  • Revocable: Can be changed or terminated by the grantor
  • Avoids probate: Assets pass directly to beneficiaries
  • Flexible: Trustee can be changed, beneficiaries can be updated
  • Common: Banks see these every day and are completely comfortable with them

In creative finance: The property is transferred into the trust. The seller initially remains as beneficiary, then beneficial interest is assigned to the buyer. This mirrors exactly how family estate planning works.

Understanding Beneficial Interest

Understanding "beneficial interest" is key to understanding how trusts are used in creative finance:

Legal Title (Trustee)

The trustee is the name on the deed. They are the "legal owner" on paper but have no personal right to the property's benefits. They simply follow the instructions of the trust agreement.

Beneficial Interest (Beneficiary)

The beneficiary is the person who gets the benefits and control. In creative finance, transferring beneficial interest is how control effectively changes hands without changing the public deed.

Estate Planning Parallels: The mechanics can look similar to family estate planning, but the risk can be different when the parties are not family and the home changes hands.

Garn-St. Germain Act

Federal law protects certain types of trust transfers that are common in estate planning. Some creative finance structures try to stay close to these protections, but it does not guarantee a lender will never accelerate the loan.

How Banks View Trusts

Banks are not suspicious of trusts. In fact, they deal with trust-held properties constantly. Here's why:

Estate Planning Is Universal

Millions of American families hold property in trusts for estate planning purposes. It's one of the most common ways to avoid probate and manage assets. Banks expect to see trusts.

Payments Are What Matter

Banks care about receiving their monthly payment. As long as the loan remains current, they have little incentive to investigate ownership structures. A paying loan is a profitable loan.

Insurance Continues

As long as the property remains properly insured with the bank listed in the mortgagee clause, the bank's interest is protected. Trust ownership doesn't change insurance requirements.

No Public Red Flags

When beneficial interest transfers privately, there's no new deed recorded that might trigger automated bank systems. The public record shows the same trust ownership.

Parallels to Normal Family Estate Planning

Creative finance trust structures are not exotic inventions. They mirror exactly what attorneys set up for families every day:

Family Estate Planning Creative Finance
Parent places home in trust Seller places home in trust
Adult child becomes trustee Neutral party becomes trustee
Child makes mortgage payments Buyer makes mortgage payments
Beneficial interest passes to child Beneficial interest assigned to buyer
Mortgage stays in parent's name Mortgage stays in seller's name
Bank continues receiving payments Bank continues receiving payments

The mechanics are identical. The only difference is the relationship between the parties. When a family does this, it's called "estate planning." When an investor does this, it's called "creative finance." The legal structure is the same.

Setting Up a Trust for Creative Finance

Step-by-Step Process

1. Create the Trust

An attorney or trust company creates a revocable living trust or revocable trust with a unique name (often the property address plus "Trust").

2. Deed Property Into Trust

The seller signs a deed transferring the property from their personal name into the trust. This is recorded publicly.

3. Appoint Trustee

A neutral third-party trustee is named to hold legal title. This can be an attorney, trust company, or other qualified party.

4. Seller Named as Initial Beneficiary

The seller is named as the beneficiary of the trust, protecting the transfer under Garn-St. Germain.

5. Assign Beneficial Interest

Through a private assignment document, the seller assigns their beneficial interest (or most of it) to the buyer. This is not recorded publicly.

6. Buyer Takes Control

The buyer now controls the property through their beneficial interest, makes all payments, and enjoys all ownership benefits.

Common Questions About Trusts

Do I need to notify the lender when putting property in a trust?

No. Transferring property into a trust where the borrower remains a beneficiary is protected under Garn-St. Germain. There is no requirement to notify the lender. Many estate planning attorneys advise against notification because it creates unnecessary paperwork and potential confusion.

Can the bank find out the property is in a trust?

The deed transfer into the trust is public record, so technically yes. However, this is extremely common for estate planning purposes. Banks see this constantly and do not view it as unusual or concerning, especially when payments continue on time.

How is insurance handled when property is in a trust?

The insurance policy should name the trust as an insured party, along with the seller (original borrower) and the buyer. The mortgagee clause remains unchanged, protecting the bank's interest. See our Insurance Structuring Guide for details.

What if the seller wants to retain some interest?

This is common and often advisable. The seller can retain a small beneficial interest (such as 10%) while assigning the majority (90%) to the buyer. This maintains the seller's connection to the trust and further reduces any due-on-sale risk.

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